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1.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 42(4): 231-237, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763357

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTObjective:to investigate the effect of standardized interventions in the management of tube thoracostomy patients and to assess the independent effect of each intervention.Methods:A chest tube management protocol was assessed in a retrospective cohort study. The tube thoracostomy protocol (TTP) was implemented in August 2012, and consisted of: antimicrobial prophylaxis, chest tube insertion in the operating room (OR), admission post chest tube thoracostomy (CTT) in a hospital floor separate from the emergency department (ED), and daily respiratory therapy (RT) sessions post-CTT. The inclusion criteria were, hemodynamic stability, patients between the ages of 15 and 59 years, and injury severity score (ISS) < 17. All patients had isolated injuries to the chest wall, lung, and pleura. During the study period 92 patients were managed according to the standardized protocol. The outcomes of those patients were compared to 99 patients treated before the TTP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the independent effect of each variable of the protocol on selected outcomes.Results:Demographics, injury severity, and trauma mechanisms were similar among the groups. As expected, protocol compliance increased after the implementation of the TTP. There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the incidence of retained hemothoraces, empyemas, pneumonias, surgical site infections, post-procedural complications, hospital length of stay, and number of chest tube days. Respiratory therapy was independently linked to significant reduction (p<0.05) in the incidence of seven out of eight undesired outcomes after CTT. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was linked to a significant decrease (p<0.05) in retained hemothoraces, despite no significant (p<0.10) reductions in empyema and surgical site infections. Conversely, OR chest tube insertion was associated with significant (p<0.05) reduction of both complications, and also significantly decreased the incidence of pneumonias.Conclusion:Implementation of a TTP effectively reduced complications after CTT in trauma patients.


RESUMOObjetivo:avaliar a implantação do Cuidado Padronizado com o Dreno de Tórax (CPDT) em um hospital público, referência para o trauma, e o impacto independente de cada um dos itens do protocolo no período do estudo sobre desfechos selecionados.Métodos: coorte retrospectiva avaliando implementação do Cuidado Padronizado para o Dreno de Tórax (CPDT). Foram incluídos pacientes entre 15 e 59 anos de idade, hemodinamicamente estáveis, com Injury Severity Score inferior a 17, com lesão isolada na parede do tórax, pulmão e pleura. Foram comparados 99 pacientes antes do CPDT com 92 depois do CPDT. Foi realizada comparação de desfechos selecionados por meio de diferença de proporções. A regressão logística multivariada foi feita para análise do efeito independente de cada variável do protocolo.Resultados:não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas, índice de gravidade e mecanismo de trauma. A implementação do CPDT resultou no aumento no percentual de todos os itens do protocolo. Houve redução significativa (p<0,05) de hemotórax retido, empiema, pneumonia, infecções de ferida operatória e nova operação, queda do percentual de pacientes retornados com complicações, tempo de internação e de permanência do dreno. A fisioterapia revelou-se independentemente associada à redução de sete dos oito desfechos (p<0,05). O antibiótico presuntivo revelou tendência de associação com a redução de empiema e de infecções de ferida operatória (p<0,10) e esteve associado à redução do hemotórax retido (p<0,05). A drenagem no centro cirúrgico esteve associada à redução de empiema, pneumonia e infecção de ferida operatória (p<0,05).Conclusão:a implementação do CPDT foi efetiva na redução de complicações de pacientes com dreno de tórax.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Thoracostomy/instrumentation , Chest Tubes , Clinical Protocols , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Treatment Outcome
2.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 42(4): 224-230, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763359

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTObjective:to analyze the associated factors with empyema in patients with post-traumatic retained hemothorax.Methods:prospective observational study. Data were collected in patients undergoing PD during emergency duty. Variables analyzed were age, sex, mechanism of injury, side of the chest injury, intrathoracic complications of RH, laparotomy, specific injuries, rib fractures, trauma scores, days to diagnosis, diagnostic method of RH, primary indication of PD, initial volume drained, length of the first tube removal, surgical procedure. Cumulative incidence of empyema, pneumonia and pulmonary contusion and the proportion of patients with empyema or without empyema in each category of each variable analyzed were obtained.Results: the cumulative incidence of PD among trauma patients was 1.83% and the RH among those with PD was 10.63%. There were 20 cases of empyema (32.8%). Most were male in the age from 20 to 29, victims of injury by firearm on the left side of the thorax. The incidence of empyema in patients with injury by firearms was lower compared to those with stab wound or blunt trauma; higher among those with drained volume between 300 and 599 ml. The median hospital lenght of stay was higher among those with empyema.Conclusion:the incidence of PD was 1.83% and RH was 10.63%, these results are consistent with the low severity of the patients involved in this study and consistent with the literature. The incidence of empyema proved to be negatively associated with the occurrence of injury by firearms and positively associated with a drained volume between 300 and 599 ml, compared with lower or higher volumes.


RESUMOObjetivo:analisar os fatores associados ao empiema em pacientes com hemotórax retido pós-traumático.Métodos:estudo prospectivo observacional. Os dados foram coletados de pacientes submetidos à drenagem pleural de emergência. Foram analisadas: idade, sexo, mecanismo de trauma, lado da lesão torácica, complicações intratorácicas decorrentes do hemotórax retido, laparotomia, lesões específicas, fratura de arcos costais, índices de trauma, dias até o diagnóstico, método diagnóstico do HR, indicação primária da drenagem pleural, volume inicial drenado, dias de permanência do primeiro dreno, procedimento cirúrgico. Obteve-se a incidencia acumulada de empiema, pneumonia e contusão pulmonar e a incidência de empiema em cada categoria das variaìveis analisadas.Resultados:a incidência acumulada de drenagem pleural por trauma foi 1,83% e a de hemotórax retido entre aqueles com derrame pleural foi de 10,63%. Houve 20 casos de empiema (32,8%). A maioria tinha entre 20 e 29 anos, era do sexo masculino e sofreu ferimento por arma de fogo. A incidência de empiema entre pacientes com ferimento por arma de fogo foi inferior aos demais mecanismos; superior entre aqueles com volume drenado entre 300 e 599 ml. O tempo mediano de permanência hospitalar foi maior nos pacientes com empiema.Conclusão:as incidências de derrame pleural e hemotórax retido entre aqueles com DP nessa amostra de baixa gravidade dos pacientes foram, respectivamente, 1,83% e 10,63%. A incidência de empiema revelou-se negativamente associada à ocorrência de ferimento por arma de fogo e positivamente associada a volume drenado entre 300 e 599 ml, bem como, ao tempo mediano de permanência hospitalar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Thoracic Injuries/complications , Empyema/etiology , Hemothorax/complications , Prospective Studies , Empyema/epidemiology , Hemothorax/etiology , Middle Aged
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